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从外国学生常犯错的否定句式来看英语里的否定
浏览: 发布日期:2017-12-25

否定的转移是指英语否定句在句中某一部分(常在谓语部分),但在语义上却是否定另一部分的现象。翻译这类句子时不要单纯依赖语法分析,而应从语义上分析,根据上下文理解句意。例:
He doesn’t teach because teaching is easy for him. 他之所以教书,并不是因为他觉得教书轻松。


有的学生用他们自己国家的语言习惯来说,就会说成说:他不教书是因为教书很简单。其实这种说法是错误的,我们在教外国学生的时候,是不是常常遇到这样的情况,为什么会犯这种错误呢,因为他们本身的语言习惯,所以现在让我们来了解一下吧!

一、否定形式在表示“看法”的谓语动词上,语义上却是否定后面的宾语从句。
此类动词有:think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, anticipate, fancy, consider, find (感到), guess,
be supposed to, calculate, figure, reckon。

- I don't believe I've met you before. ("I believe I haven’t met you before.") 我认为我没有见过你。
- I don't think you will be late. 我认为你不会迟到。
- I don't suppose he cares, does he? 我看他不在乎,对吧?
- He doesn't expect we need worry. 他认为我们不必着急。
- I don’t recon she is old enough to go to school. 我认为她还没到上学的年纪。
注:上述判断性动词出现以下情况时,其否定不发生转移:

(1)用作插入语时:
-Li Lei, I think, won’t be angry with you. 我想李蕾不会生你的气。
-Tom, I suppose, won’t be against it. 我猜想汤姆不会反对。

(2)这些动词跟其他另一个动词一起做并列谓语时:
- I believe and hope he won’t do that. 我相信并且也希望他将不会那样做。

(3)用于疑问句时:
-Do you think it is not going to rain? 你认为天不会下雨吗?

(4)主句中添加情态动词can't, mustn't, wouldn't时:
- You mustn’t think he’s stupid. 你不应该认为他愚蠢。
- I wouldn't have imagined that you would be here. 我不曾想到你会在这儿。
- I can’t imagine how he could survive that car accident. 我想象不出在那次车祸中他是怎样活命的。

(5)think , expect 作料想讲时:
- I didn’t expect I’d meet you here. 我没料到会在这里碰上你。
- We didn’t think he is such a selfish man. 我们没料到他是这样一个自私的人。

(6)suppose , think 用于祈使句式或被副词修饰时:
- Don’t suppose you have passed the exam, this is only a partof the exam.
别以为你通过了考试,这仅仅是考试的一部分。
- I simply don’t think you will give me a hand when I’m in difficulty.
我根本不指望你在我困难的时候能帮助我。
- I really don’t think it’s necessary for us to go there now. 我的确不认为我们有必要去那儿。
- I feel strongly that he shouldn’t do such a thing. 我强烈地认为他不应该做那样的事。

(7)上述动词所接的宾语从句中如有all , every, many , both 等表全体意义的词或副词时:
- I don’t believe both of them are innocent. 我不相信他们两个都是清白的。
- I never expect all the students will do the exercises after classes.
我从不抱希望于所有学生都会在课外做作业。
- We don’t consider everybody in our class is interested in this topic.
我们并不认为班里的每个人都对这个话题感兴趣。

(8)由于cannot help, ought not, need not, not at all等短语的关系而把I think 隔离:
- I should have thought sometimes you couldn’t help thinking of the past. 我应该想到你会禁不住想起过去。
- I think you ought not to walk at night alone, Mrs. Moore.
- I think you need not be impolite to her,as well as to her son.
- "I think the angel are not at all in heaven." Mr. Esmond said."

二、否定形式在表示“感觉”的谓语动词上,语义上却否定表语部分。
此类动词有:appear, seem, feel, sound, taste, smell, as if,feel / look / sound as if, feel /look like。

- The old streets don’t appear deserted. ( not deserted . ) 老街看样子还没被废弃。
- I’m not feeling very well today. My head aches. ( not very well … ) 我今天感到不怎么舒服,头痛。
- The food doesn’t taste fresh. ( not fresh . ) 食物偿起来不鲜。
- It doesn’t seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去。
- It doesn’t appear that we’ll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。

三、seem, prove, happen 与不定式构成复合谓语,形式上否定谓语,语义上否定不定式。

- The president didn’t happen to attend that meeting. (happen not to attend … )董事长碰巧没参加那次会议。
- Your answer doesn’t seem to be right. (seem not to be …) 你的答案看起来似乎不正确。
- Jack doens't seem to like you.(=Jack seems not to like you.)杰克看来不喜欢你。
- The news didn't seem to be true. 这个消息好象并不是真的。

四、pretend , remember 的宾语为非谓语动词时,形式上否定谓语,语义上否定宾语。

- My Italian friend didn’t pretend to see her tutor inthe dining room. (pretend not tosee … )
我的意大利朋友在餐厅里假装没看见她导师。
- I couldn’t remember having carried my wallet out. (否定having …) 我记得不曾带钱包出门。






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