从外国学生常犯错的否定句式来看英语里的否定
否定的转移是指英语否定句在句中某一部分（常在谓语部分），但在语义上却是否定另一部分的现象。翻译这类句子时不要单纯依赖语法分析，而应从语义上分析，根据上下文理解句意。例：
He doesn’t teach because teaching is easy for him. 他之所以教书，并不是因为他觉得教书轻松。
有的学生用他们自己国家的语言习惯来说，就会说成说：他不教书是因为教书很简单。其实这种说法是错误的，我们在教外国学生的时候，是不是常常遇到这样的情况，为什么会犯这种错误呢，因为他们本身的语言习惯，所以现在让我们来了解一下吧!
一、否定形式在表示“看法”的谓语动词上，语义上却是否定后面的宾语从句。
此类动词有：think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, anticipate, fancy, consider, find (感到), guess,
be supposed to, calculate, figure, reckon。
- I don't believe I've met you before. ("I believe I haven’t met you before.") 我认为我没有见过你。
- I don't think you will be late. 我认为你不会迟到。
- I don't suppose he cares, does he? 我看他不在乎，对吧？
- He doesn't expect we need worry. 他认为我们不必着急。
- I don’t recon she is old enough to go to school. 我认为她还没到上学的年纪。
注：上述判断性动词出现以下情况时，其否定不发生转移：
（1）用作插入语时：
-Li Lei, I think, won’t be angry with you. 我想李蕾不会生你的气。
-Tom, I suppose, won’t be against it. 我猜想汤姆不会反对。
（2）这些动词跟其他另一个动词一起做并列谓语时：
- I believe and hope he won’t do that. 我相信并且也希望他将不会那样做。
（3）用于疑问句时：
-Do you think it is not going to rain? 你认为天不会下雨吗？
（4）主句中添加情态动词can't, mustn't, wouldn't时：
- You mustn’t think he’s stupid. 你不应该认为他愚蠢。
- I wouldn't have imagined that you would be here. 我不曾想到你会在这儿。
- I can’t imagine how he could survive that car accident. 我想象不出在那次车祸中他是怎样活命的。
（5）think , expect 作料想讲时：
- I didn’t expect I’d meet you here. 我没料到会在这里碰上你。
- We didn’t think he is such a selfish man. 我们没料到他是这样一个自私的人。
（6）suppose , think 用于祈使句式或被副词修饰时：
- Don’t suppose you have passed the exam, this is only a partof the exam.
别以为你通过了考试，这仅仅是考试的一部分。
- I simply don’t think you will give me a hand when I’m in difficulty.
我根本不指望你在我困难的时候能帮助我。
- I really don’t think it’s necessary for us to go there now. 我的确不认为我们有必要去那儿。
- I feel strongly that he shouldn’t do such a thing. 我强烈地认为他不应该做那样的事。
（7）上述动词所接的宾语从句中如有all , every, many , both 等表全体意义的词或副词时：
- I don’t believe both of them are innocent. 我不相信他们两个都是清白的。
- I never expect all the students will do the exercises after classes.
我从不抱希望于所有学生都会在课外做作业。
- We don’t consider everybody in our class is interested in this topic.
我们并不认为班里的每个人都对这个话题感兴趣。
（8）由于cannot help, ought not， need not， not at all等短语的关系而把I think 隔离：
- I should have thought sometimes you couldn’t help thinking of the past. 我应该想到你会禁不住想起过去。
- I think you ought not to walk at night alone, Mrs. Moore.
- I think you need not be impolite to her，as well as to her son.
- "I think the angel are not at all in heaven." Mr. Esmond said."
二、否定形式在表示“感觉”的谓语动词上，语义上却否定表语部分。
此类动词有：appear, seem, feel, sound, taste, smell, as if，feel / look / sound as if, feel /look like。
- The old streets don’t appear deserted. ( not deserted . ) 老街看样子还没被废弃。
- I’m not feeling very well today. My head aches. ( not very well … ) 我今天感到不怎么舒服，头痛。
- The food doesn’t taste fresh. ( not fresh . ) 食物偿起来不鲜。
- It doesn’t seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去。
- It doesn’t appear that we’ll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。
三、seem, prove, happen 与不定式构成复合谓语，形式上否定谓语，语义上否定不定式。
- The president didn’t happen to attend that meeting. (happen not to attend … )董事长碰巧没参加那次会议。
- Your answer doesn’t seem to be right. (seem not to be …) 你的答案看起来似乎不正确。
- Jack doens't seem to like you．（＝Jack seems not to like you．）杰克看来不喜欢你。
- The news didn't seem to be true. 这个消息好象并不是真的。
四、pretend , remember 的宾语为非谓语动词时，形式上否定谓语，语义上否定宾语。
- My Italian friend didn’t pretend to see her tutor inthe dining room. (pretend not tosee … )
我的意大利朋友在餐厅里假装没看见她导师。
- I couldn’t remember having carried my wallet out. (否定having …) 我记得不曾带钱包出门。
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